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VOL. 8, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Contemporary surgical endodontics: Current concepts, microsurgical advances and future perspectives with special considerations for paediatric patients: Narrative review
Authors
Dr. Paresh Madhukar Pawar, Dr. Dinesh Rao, Dr. Sunil Panwar, Dr. Ritu Sabharwal
Abstract
Surgical endodontics has evolved considerably
with advances in diagnostic imaging, microsurgical techniques, biomaterials,
and regenerative strategies, offering a predictable treatment option for teeth
with persistent periapical disease when conventional root canal treatment or
non-surgical retreatment is unlikely to achieve success. The integration of
operating microscopes, cone-beam computed tomography, ultrasonic root-end
preparation, and bioceramic root-end filling materials has enhanced surgical
precision, reduced postoperative complications, and improved long-term
treatment outcomes. More recently, emerging technologies such as dynamic
navigation, three-dimensional printing, artificial intelligence, and
regenerative approaches have further expanded the scope of endodontic
microsurgery. This narrative review critically examines the biological
principles, indications, contemporary microsurgical procedures, prognostic
factors, clinical outcomes, and recent technological advances in surgical
endodontics by synthesising evidence from current scientific literature.
Particular emphasis is placed on evidence-based clinical decision-making,
microsurgical protocols, and biomaterials that influence healing and treatment
success. Special considerations for paediatric patients, including growth and
developmental factors, anatomical variations, behavioural management, and
preservation of immature permanent teeth, are also discussed. Furthermore, the
review highlights current limitations in the literature and explores future
directions that may improve the predictability, biological outcomes, and
minimally invasive nature of surgical endodontic procedures. Contemporary
endodontic microsurgery, when performed using evidence-based principles and
modern technologies, remains a valuable treatment modality for preserving the
natural dentition and promoting favourable long-term clinical outcomes.
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Pages:284-292
How to cite this article:
Dr. Paresh Madhukar Pawar, Dr. Dinesh Rao, Dr. Sunil Panwar, Dr. Ritu Sabharwal "Contemporary surgical endodontics: Current concepts, microsurgical advances and future perspectives with special considerations for paediatric patients: Narrative review". International Journal of Dental Sciences, Vol 8, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 284-292
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